US President-elect Donald Trump has said, hours
after the 90-year-old's death was announced; Cuba's former leader Fidel Castro was a
"brutal dictator". Trump, who takes office in January, said he hoped
Cubans could move towards a freer future.
Castro came to power in 1959 and ushered in a
Communist revolution. He defied the US for decades, surviving many
assassination plots. Supporters said he returned Cuba to the people. Critics
called him a dictator.
His brother Raul, who succeeded him as president,
announced his death on state television on Friday night. In a statement, Mr
Trump said that while Cuba remained "a totalitarian island, it is my hope
that today marks a move away from the horrors endured for too long, and toward
a future in which the wonderful Cuban people finally live in the freedom they
so richly deserve". The US cut ties with Cuba in 1961 amid rising Cold War
tensions and imposed a strict economic embargo which remains in place more than
half a century on. Under Barack Obama, the relationship warmed and diplomatic
ties were restored in 2015. Mr Trump roundly criticised Mr Obama's policy on
the campaign trail but made no mention of his pledge to reverse it in his
statement, saying his administration would do all it could to ensure Cubans
could "begin their journey toward prosperity and liberty".
Mr Obama, meanwhile, said history would "record
and judge the enormous impact" of Castro. America was extending "a
hand of friendship to the Cuban people" at this time, he added. Castro was
the longest serving non-royal leader of the 20th Century. He had been retired
from political life for several years, after handing power to his brother in
2006 because of illness. He will be cremated later on Saturday at a private
ceremony in Havana and a period of official mourning has been declared on the
island until 4 December, when his ashes will be laid to rest in the south-eastern
city of Santiago. News of his death left some in Havana stunned. "I always
said it couldn't be," said one woman, a government employee. "Even
though they said it now, I say it can't be."
But Cuban dissident group Ladies in White, which was
founded by wives of jailed dissidents, tweeted: "May God forgive him, I
won't".
In Miami, where there is a large Cuban community,
there have been celebrations in some parts of the city, with people banging
pots and cheering. So much of Fidel Castro's legacy is defined by the
relationship of the US with the Cuba that he controlled. But given his
withdrawal into the background in recent years, what impact will his passing
really have in that regard?
It was the Obama philosophy that more influence
could be exerted on Cuba by being more of a friend to the regime than through
isolation.
While he had said differently in the past, as a
presidential candidate Donald Trump became more and more hard-line, even
talking of reversing the decisions made by Barack Obama on Cuba, such that many
of the Cuban-Americans who took to the streets of Miami to celebrate Castro's
death even carried "Trump" signs.
In a sense though, Castro's death gives Mr Trump
room for manoeuvre in his tough stance towards the Cuban regime to make more
progress, particularly in the economic relationship between the two countries. The same Cuban-Americans praising him now will be
watching closely to see if he keeps to his promise of demanding real reform in
Cuba before adhering to the commitments made by his predecessor. Throughout the Cold War, Fidel Castro was a
thorn in Washington's side.
An accomplished tactician on the battlefield, he and
his small army of guerrillas overthrew the military leader Fulgencio Batista in
1959 to widespread popular support.
Within two years of taking power, he declared the
revolution to be Marxist-Leninist in nature and allied Cuba firmly to the
Soviet Union - a move that led to the missile crisis in 1962, bringing the
world to the brink of nuclear war before the Soviet Union abandoned its plan to
put missiles on Cuban soil. Despite the constant threat of a US invasion as
well as the long-standing economic embargo on the island, Castro managed to
maintain a communist revolution in a nation just 90 miles (145km) off the coast
of Florida.
Despised by his critics as much as he was revered by
his followers, he maintained his rule through 10 US presidents and survived
scores of attempts on his life by the CIA.
He established a one-party state, with hundreds of
supporters of the Batista government executed. Political opponents have been
imprisoned, the independent media suppressed. Thousands of Cubans have fled
into exile.
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